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Cow/Calf Care Instructions
We’ve created a basic care sheet outlining the practices we use for our cattle. This is not a comprehensive list, as needs can vary by region. Depending on where you live, different disease prevention methods and vaccines may be necessary. Consider this a general guideline based on our herd’s routine. For the best results, consult with a trusted local veterinarian and adjust the plan to fit your specific needs.
FEED:
Hay:
We feed our cows a mixture of roughly 75% alfalfa and 25% grass. This ratio can be adjusted with more grass if needed to help maintain proper body condition. On average, cattle are fed about 2% of their body weight per day.
Understanding cattle body condition scoring (BCS) is a valuable tool to determine whether your animals are receiving too much or too little feed. Ideally, you should aim to maintain a body condition score of around 6. Most university extension websites provide excellent visual guides to help you recognize BCS ranges.
Click for more information on body condition scoring
Body Condition Score Chart
Grain:
Cattle can be fed up to about 1 lb of grain per day. Whole corn is a good option, as it is less likely to cause bloat. Grain or horse apple treats also work well for training purposes.
For training and gentling our calves, we use a calf starter feed that contains Bovatec. We prefer the IFA brand (a co-op local to our area), but your local feed store should carry a similar option. Calf starter (also known as creep feed) is especially useful up to about 8 months of age and provides support after weaning.
Using horse apple treats, grain, or calf starter as rewards helps build trust—your calf will quickly associate coming to you with something positive. Over time, this makes them calmer, friendlier, and easier to handle.
MINERALS:
A trace mineral block with selenium should be available to your cattle year-round. Mineral needs can vary depending on your region, so it’s a good idea to ask your local feed store or veterinarian about common deficiencies in your area and adjust supplementation accordingly.
HOOF CARE:
Hoof trimming needs will vary depending on your cow’s environment. In many cases, hooves wear down naturally, but if they begin to grow long or uneven, it’s best to contact a local hoof trimmer. Most professionals will bring their equipment to your location and trim the hooves on-site. The frequency of trimming depends on each herd and their specific living conditions.
VACCINES:
Below are the vaccines our veterinarian recommends for our herd in this region. Calves receive the vaccines listed (unless otherwise noted on the Sale of Livestock sheet at purchase). Keep in mind that your herd’s vaccine protocol should be tailored to your specific area and management needs, so be sure to consult with your local veterinarian.
Calves Vaccine Schedule:
At 2 months of age and again at weaning: Bovi-Shield Gold One Shot, UltraChoice 8
At 4 months of age: Dectomax (for deworming), Clean-Up II pour-on (insecticide)
Between 4 and 12 months of age: Heifer calves need a BANGS vaccine (must be given by a vet).
Cows, Bulls, and Steers Vaccine Schedule:
Each spring: Clean-Up II pour-on (insecticide)
Each fall: CattleMaster Gold FP5 L5 Cattle Vaccine, UltraChoice 8, Dectomax (deworming), and Clean-Up II pour-on
Remember, this information is meant to serve as a general guide. The best approach is to connect with a mentor in your area, establish a relationship with a trusted large-animal veterinarian, and seek advice from knowledgeable experts at your local feed store. From there, you can develop a care plan tailored to your herd and your specific situation.
